New Syllabus

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Syllabus of Higher Secondary
Standard 8-9-10
Implemented From June - 2004 in Standard - 8, Implemented From June - 2005 in Standard - 9
Implemented From June - 2006 in Standard - 10

SANSKRIT (Ancient Language)

Background

  • Sanskrit is the oldest of Indian languages. Today its importance has bean established all over the world. Not only because of its rich literature, but also as it contains descriptions to provide important guidance on jurispondence, logic, trade commerce, philosophy, shipping, Ayurved (including surgery) textile technology and many other Subjects. 

  • Teaching will truly be as rich as the teaching of Sanskrit language is profound. For this it is expected that the students will achieve the following competencies after completion of their studies in accordance with the syllabi of standards 8, 9 and 10.

Competence :

  • A student who passes Std. 10 Should have achieved the following competencies in Sanskrit

Listening :

  • He/She will be able to point out the misspoken pronunciations, listening to the special sounds in sanskrit.

  • Listening to the simple good sayings subhashitas, he will develop his attitudes accordingly.

Speech :

  • Memorizing the simple good sayings Subashitas of Sanskrit, the student will be able to recite them.

  • He/she will achieve the competence in simple conversation in Sanskrit.

Reading :

  • The student will be able to read and sing simple Sanskrit verses shlokas. 

Writing :

  • He/she will be able to write the meaning to translate simple Sanskrit passages in his/her mother tongue.

  • He/she will be able to write numbers one to hundred in Sanskrit.

Ability to show, to develop inclination or liking :

  • Comprehending the national, social, cultural and moral values, he/she will be able to behave and live accordingly.

  • He/She may develop liking or inclination towards the study of Sanskrit literature.

SANSKRIT
Std. 8 9 - 10

߇ (Listening):

  • The student will be able grasp the substance of the simple Sanskrit stories after listening to them.

  • Listening to the instructions, guidance, questions etc, he/she will be able to understand them and act accordingly,

  • Listening to a Sanskrit verse, he/she will be able to understand it and enjoy the same.

  • He/she will be able to understand the questions asked (in Sanskrit) by the class mates and the teachers.

  (Speech):

  • He/She will be able to answer the simple questions in Sanskrit asked in Sanskrit.

  • He/she will be able answer in his/her mother tongue the questions asked in Sanskrit.

  • He/she can ask his/her classmates short and simple questions in Sanskrit,

  • The student can stage short dialogues in Sanskrit with actions.

  • He/she can recite the subhashitas and 'shlokas' given in the text-book.

U (Reading):

  • The student will be able to read passages from textual prose and poetry with correct pronunciations and appropriate pace and also grasp its substance.

  • He/she will be able to read textual 'shlokas' in proper intonation.

(Writing) :

  • The student will be able to write passages from Sanskrit prose and poetry.

  • He/she will be able to recite passages from Sanskrit prose and poetry.

  • He/She will be able to answer in Sanskrit the questions based on simple Sanskrit prose.

  • He/she will be able to answer in his/her mother tongue those questions which are based on simple Sanskrit prose passages but asked in his/her mother tongue.

Language Competence :

  • The student will be able to disjoin the compound words based on the syllabus.

  • He/she will be able to paraphrase simple textual verses in the mothertongue. The student will try to develop the competence to understand the change in words and their meanings by adding prefixes or suffixes.

  • He/she will be able to form new words by adding prefixes or suffixes.

Inclination towards reading :

  • The student will be inclined towards the study of Sanskrit literature.

  • He/she will be able to compile a collection of Sanskrit mottos and good sayings or 'subhashitas'.

  • He/she will be able to understand the ethical values based on Sanskrit mottos and good sayings Subhashitas and mould the behaviour accordingly.

Competence :

  • The students who have passed Std.10 examination with Sanskrit as a subject will have the following abilities

Listening :

  • Listening to the special sounds of Sanskrit the student will be able to point out the mispronunciations observed.

  • Listening to the simple imperative sentences, he/she will be able to translate the same in his/her mother tongue.

Speech:

  • The student will be able to memorize and recite the simple Sanskrit 'subhashitas'.

  • He/she will achieve the competence to converse in simple. Sanskrit. 

Reading

  • The student will be able to read and sing or recite simple Sanskrit 'shlokas'.

Writing :

  • The student will be able to write the meaning of and translate the simple Sanskrit passages into the mother tongue.

  • He/she will be able to write numbers from one to hundred in Sanskrit.

Ability to cultivate inclination or liking :

  • Comprehending the national social cultural and moral values, he/she will be able to behave and live according to those values.

  • He/she may cultivate inclination towards the study of Sanskrit literature.

Standard : 8
SANSKRIT

1. Words indicating proper and common nouns. (Memorization is not expected)

  1. U ܢ - , ............ etc 

  2. U U, Sܢ - , ........ etc 

  3. U ⷤܢ - , ....... etc

2. Pronouns

Forms of S and c. Also , , and 緤 (in all three genders) in first, second
and sixth case.

3. Adjectives

  1. Adjectives of quality (in all the three genders)

  2. Numerals in words - 1 to 100.

4. Indeclinable :

(1) ؘ, ̘, 餘, , , ؘ (2) , , , , ,
(3) , , , , U, , (4) , U, l, U

5. Verbs :

(1) Roots : U, U, , , , () (U), (), , , , U, S (DU), (), ܹ, , (U) , 翢 (翋)

(2) Tenses:
(1) ܷU (Present Tense) (2) ܷU (imperfect Past Tense)
(3) ܷ (Simple Future Tense)
Note: All three 'persons' and all three 'numbers'. (in Sanskrit grammar there are three 'numbers'. Singular, Dual for two and pural. Pronouns, verbs etc. change according to these numbers.) 
Introduction to Persons : First Person, Second Person and third person.

(3) Padas : (Atmane Pad/Parasmai Pad/Dual Pad) (Verbs in Sanskrit are divided into these three types-called . Each type has its own forms, distinguishing it from the other two.) General introduction of these three 'padas' forms of the verbs in 5(1) which are 'Parasmai Pad' and the forms of the following 'Atmane Pad'verbs - in all the above tenses - 5(2). , h, , , ,

6. Karak (U) and Cases (Q)

  1. Cases in general should be introduced and the following three cases should be specially taught
    (1) Nominative Case, (2) Objective Case and (3) Genitive or Possessive Case (or Sixth Case)
    Note : In the use of root verbs , () and the Objective Case should be properly explained.

  2. Upapad Case: (U Q)
    (1) Second (or Accusative) Case in relation to , , , and
    (2) Genitive or Possessive Case in relation to

7. Participles :

  1. Past Participles ՋϷ ̷΢ with suffix or with

  2. Infinitives of Purpose or Hetvardhak Past Participles (UU ΋) - -
    Note : With the roots U, , ܹ, U, , , U, , , () and .

8. Voice :

Use of Active Voice.

9. Compounds (Both UU mm and UU mm)

10. Sandhi () (Euphony) letters not words as in - componds) : SU   (Combination of Vowels) General introduction and combination of two vowels ( SU ); also and h with examples.

Standard 9
SANSKRIT

1. Nouns:
Only recognition of the following nouns. Their memorization is not expected.

  1. U ܢ nouns ending in and of masculine gender - , etc...

  2. UU ܢ nouns ending in U and of masculine gender - , etc...

  3. UU and U Sܢ nouns ending in and of masculine gender - , etc...

2. Pronouns:
The declensions (forms) of S and c also , , , 緤 (in all three genders) in the third, fourth, fifth and seventh cases.

3. Adjectives :

  1. Adjectives of Number (in all three genders)
    Note: Numbers 1 to 4

  2. Sankhya Purak (⢁ U) 1 to 20

4. Indeclinable ():

  1. , , , U, ,

  2. , , , , , , ,

  3. U, DU, UU, ,

  4. , ,

5. Verbs :

  1. Roots : U, U, , (), () (U), (), , , U, ¿, S (DU) and other roots already learnt previously.

  2. Tenses:
    (1) ܷ (Present tense)
    (2) U ܷ (Imperfect past tense) and
    (3) (Simple past tense)
    Note: As in Std. 8

  3. (Padas)
    (Atmane Pad, Parasmai Pad and Ubhay Pad)
    Forms of the verbs given in 5(l) of Parasmai pad and the forms of the following 
    verbs in Atmane Pad in the tenses mentioned above in 5(2).
    , , , and (also the verbs learned previously)

6. Karak U and Cases:

  1. Karak U and Cases : Revision of the Karak U learnt previously and teaching of the following : (a) dative and (b) ablative cases.

  2. Upapad Case (U Q):
    (1) Fourth (Dative) case with respect to and Fifth (Ablative) case with respect to , , U and .

7. Participles - Accusative Past Participles ( ΢) (with all three genders)
Note : With these roots : U, , ܹ, U, U, , U, , , (¿)

8. Voices :
Active and Passive voices (including interchange of voices)

9. Compounds :

(1) ̈L (Q ̈L) (2)

10. Sandhi () (Euphony)

  1. Revision of SU ( ) Sandhi of Vowels and ؇

  2. Vyanjan Sandhi (آ ) - Sandhi of Consonants (introduction of 'anuswar' and 'paras varna' Sandhi) e.g. ע U U and VU etc.

Standard 10
SANSKRIT

1. Nouns :
Following nouns to be recognised only. Memorization of the same is not expected, but consolidation is expected.

  1. U ܢ (ending in , Max. gender)
    - , etc...

  2. U Sܢ - (ending in ; Fem. gender)
    - , U  etc...

  3. U and UU ⷤܢ (ending in -~ and z, Neuter gender)
    - U, etc...

2. Pronouns :
S, c , 緤 (in all three genders) and forms of all cases. 

3. Adjectives :

  1. 1 to 20 (in all three. genders)

  2. Revision of numbers 1 to 100

4. Indeclinable (aTmm):
Consolidation of the portion already done.

5. Verbs :

  1. Roots: U, , , U, , SU, , ¿, ⢿, U, , 醿.

  2. Recognition of nouns, roots in various forms.

  3. Consolidation of tenses already learnt and the use of S to show the meaning of past tense.

  4. 'Padas' (Atamane Pad / Parasmai Pad or ubhay Pad)
    Forms of the verbs given above in 5(l) in Paramsai pad and forms of the following 
    verbs in Atmane Pad all in the above tenses.
    U, ߋ, , U, ,

6. Karak and Case (ww and f~pft)

  1. Case - Revision of the U already learnt and the following U to be taught.
    (a) Acunsative U (b) Locative U
    Note : Which are connected to , ؑU, , U, L, SU, SU and to be explained.

  2. Upapad case (U Q) : Cases in connection with , , U, , , U, etc. (consolidation)

7. Participles :
ߊ Participle - Participle in imperative mood taking the suffixes and in all three genders.
Note: With these roots - U, , ܹ, U, , , U, , , () and ܷ

8. Voice:
Interchange of 'active' and 'passive' voice (consolidation)

9. Compounds ():

  1. Consolidation of the compounds already learnt.

  2. U and UU (consolidation)

10. Euphony () :

  1. Consolidation of the (euphony) already learnt

  2. (mainly )

Important Points:

  1. There will be a separate text book for each standard - 8~ 9 and 10.

  2. The size of the textbook will be approximately 80 to 90 pages and then, umber of lessons, 20 to 25.
    -In Std. 8, 9, 10 about 20 lines of poetry to be memorized.

  3. The lessons will be based on the language material planned in the syllabus.

  4. The level of the lessons will be suitable to the standard of teh students and the episodes meant to inspire the ethical values in life.

  5. While selecting Sanskrit 'shlokas'. Simplicity, as well as ability to understand, i.e. comprehensibility, will be kept in mind. At the same time the 'shlokas' will be in the simple rhymes as planned in the syllabus.

  6. The language material will be arranged from 'easy to difficult' steps in the lessons.

  7. Meanings of the new words will be given at the end of the lesson.

  8. Attention will be paid to the language, i.e. formation of sentences will be in accordance to the subject matter - simple and educative.

  9. Questions will be asked in simple and clear language.

  10. Planned competence will be kept in mind when setting 'study questions'.

  11. Nouns/forms, root forms etc. which are irrelevant to the class or standard of the student will be avoided from the textbook.

  12. Objective questions will need very short answers and those related to translation, essay type (for expansion of ideas) will be set.

  13. The text-book will have text-related pictures which makes the text-book attractive and educationally useful.

Types of lessons:

  1. The prose section will contain picture-stories, and lessons in the form of essays, stories, description, dialogues/conversations, questions and answers etc.

  2. The poem section will have epigrams (mohos), 'sahing' or 'subhashitas', verses on morals, 'shiokas', inllabiles etc.

Areas of Subject matter:

(1) Home, (2) Family, (3) Neighbours, (4) School, (5) Games and Sports, (6) Panchayat, (7) Ourcountry, (8) Stories from Hitopadesh, (9) Stories from Panchtantra, (10) Mytho logical Stories, (11) Birds and Animals, (12) Environment, (13) National festivals, (14) Social, (15) Festivals, (16) Lives of great men, (17) Ideal woman, (18) Freedom. fighters, (19) Scientific inventions and scientists, (20) Sanskrit literature, (21) Episodes from the freedom struggle, (22) Conservation of our environment, (23) The. republic and the democratic values. 

Values in life:

The lessons should be such that they will establish and prove the following values in life:

(1) Truth, (2) Non-violence, (3) Forgiveness, (4) Abandon, (5) Simplicity, (6) Co-operation, (7) Co-existence, (8) Self-reliance, (9) Self-confidence, (1o) Non-possessiveness, (11) Frugality, (12) Honesty, (13) Uninterestedness, (14) Equality, (15) Benevolence, (16) Un-covetosnes, (17) Discipline, (18) Humility, (19) Tolrance, (2o) Determination, (21) Friendship, (22) Patience, (23) Respect' for others, (24) Praise for the virtues of others, (25) Respect for labour, (26) Antiful, (27) Unselfishness, (28) National Unity, (29) Unbreakafility, wholeness, (3o) EnItural unity, (31) Partiotism, (32) Universal brotherhood, (33) Education about population, (34) Feeling of sacrifice, (35) Rational thinking, (36) Non-addiction.
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